Stalemate as a draw then spread to Germany (1400s), Spain (1600s) and throughout Europe by 19th Century when the formal rules of what we know as classical chess were put in place.Įngland was one of the final adopters of Stalemate as a draw in the 1800s (up until that point the stalemated player had actually been declared the winner). In effect the game has stalled in a state where neither player can achieve Checkmate and is drawn. Stalemate, under those terms, describes a state where a player cannot make a legal move. The earliest reference I can find to Stalemate being a draw in formalised chess rules is 13th century Italy where the version of Chess played declared that a game could only be won by checkmate or resignation. "In Classical Chess what is the probable origin of stalemate being considered a draw?" If there are no moves on the board that you are able to make (other then resigning) then in making the stalemating move your opponent has effectively ended the game without a definitive result (capture of the king) and is judged to have not won the game. The ultimate zugzwang, where any move would get your king taken"Ī typical counter to this point is that Chess tradition dictates that a stalemate cannot result in a win for the stalemating player because it would require a suicidal move from the stalemated player (moving your king into check is, in most forms of chess, an illegal move). "calling stalemate a draw is totally illogical, since it represents Very early versions of Chess, such as Shatranj Chess (props to Andrew Latham) declare the player causing stalemate the winner and even today there are callings to return to that rule. Stalemate is a draw in classical chess yet there are other chess variants both historical and modern where stalemate is not a draw.
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